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![]() This can trigger incompatibilities and increase the time that is required to deploy security updates. Updates frequently write to the same files and registry settings that are required for your applications to run. Update Compatibility Evaluator and Application Compatibility Toolkit For more information, see System Center Technical Documentation Library. System Center Configuration Manager uses WSUS 3.0 to detect updates. For more information, see Systems Management Server 2003. Customers are encouraged to upgrade to System Center Configuration Manager.įor SMS 2003, the SMS 2003 Inventory Tool for Microsoft Updates (ITMU) can be used by SMS to detect security updates that are supported by Windows Server Update Services. For SMS 2003, Microsoft also discontinued support for the Security Update Inventory Tool (SUIT) on April 12, 2011. Note Microsoft discontinued support for SMS 2.0 on April 12, 2011. Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 The following table provides the Microsoft Systems Management Server (SMS) detection and deployment summary for this security update. For more information about how to deploy security updates by using WSUS, see the following Microsoft TechNet topic: Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) enables information technology administrators to deploy the latest Microsoft product updates to computers that are running Windows. For more information, see Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer. Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) lets administrators scan local and remote systems for missing security updates and common security misconfigurations. For more information, see Microsoft Knowledge Base article 961747. This guidance contains recommendations and information that can help IT professionals understand how to use various tools for detection and deployment of security updates. Microsoft provides detection and deployment guidance for security updates. For more information, see Microsoft Update Catalog FAQ. This includes security updates, drivers, and service packs. The Microsoft Update Catalog provides a searchable catalog of content that is made available through Windows Update and Microsoft Update. You can download security updates from the Microsoft Update Catalog. ![]() For more information, go to the TechNet Update Management Center. You can manage the software and security updates that you have to deploy to the servers, desktops, and mobile systems in your organization. When you install both the servicing stack update (SSU) ( KB4132216) and this update from the Microsoft Update Catalog, install the SSU before you install this update. To get the stand-alone package for this update, go to the Microsoft Update Catalog website. Select Start, and then type Check for updates. For more information, see Windows Update: FAQ.įor Windows RT 8.1, this update is available through Windows Update only.įor Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10, version 1607, the updates may not be installed automatically. When you turn on automatic updating, this update will be downloaded and installed automatically. This update is available through Windows Update. How to obtain and install the update Method 1: Windows Update If you want to install the Adobe Flash Player update on an earlier version of Windows, download Adobe Flash Player. This update applies to the Windows operating systems that are listed in the "Applies to" section of this article. ![]() For more information, see Add language packs to Windows. Therefore, we recommend that you install any language packs that you need before you install this update. If you install a language pack after you install this update, you must reinstall this update. We recommend that you install update 2919355 on your Windows Server 2012 R2-based, Windows 8.1-based, or Windows RT 8.1-based computer so that you receive future updates. More InformationĪll security and nonsecurity updates for Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 8.1, and Windows RT 8.1 require the installation of update 2919355. ![]() This update resolves issues in Adobe Flash Player that is installed on any of the operating systems that are listed in the "Applies to" section. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() What are the expectations for this role?.Here are a few examples of questions you might want to ask: Always have at least three questions for each person you speak with during the interview process to show that you are interested and have been paying close attention. ![]() Being prepared will help you have a smoother interview experience.Īn interview goes both ways. Once done, ask your interview partner for feedback and work with them to improve your answers, tone and body language. ![]() Write down two or three possible answers for each question, then practice answering them with a friend or family member. What do you think this school could do better?.What was the toughest challenge you have ever faced?.To prepare for your interview, start by reviewing the most common interview questions, such as: Showing that you have in-depth knowledge about a potential employer conveys interest, passion and commitment - traits that make a desirable candidate. It is vital to take the time to learn about the school’s history, goals, values and people before the interview. Top 4 tips for acing a high school teacher interview Remember to include any training or classes you have completed since graduating too. If it has been more than a decade since you left college, you can leave out the date. In reverse-chronological order, use bullet points to display the schools’ names and the years you graduated. Include three bullet points of measurable achievements for every job you list.Īs you can see in our sample high school teacher resume, it is essential to include an education section in your document. In reverse-chronological order, show your current and previous employers and provide school and company names, locations and the dates you worked for them. Whether this is your first job in this role or you have been at it for decades, a resume for a high school teacher must include a section to display your job history. It is best to include both hard skills, like lesson planning and assignment grading, and soft skills, such as communication and adaptability.If this is your first job as a high school teacher, include transferable skills from previous employment or student teaching jobs. Add your job-relevant skills to a bulleted list, making them easy to scan. If you are applying for your first job or changing careers, consider using a resume objective instead.Ĭreate a compelling skills section so hiring managers can see what you can accomplish and how you work with others. It should also touch on how long you have been in the teaching field. Your resume summary must include job-relevant skills and one or two notable accomplishments. Finally, add a professional website, LinkedIn profile or any other professional networking profile if you have one.Ī personal statement, also known as a professional summary, is a concise, three- to five-sentence statement that tells the hiring manager who you are and what you offer. As our high school teacher resume sample shows, you should include your full name, city, state and ZIP code, followed by your phone number and email address. Secondary Teacher Education Certification – Connecticut Department of Education Bureau of Certificationĥ essentials of a top high school teacher resumeĬreate an accurate and up-to-date contact section so hiring managers can contact you for an interview. Completed and filed all necessary paperwork for classroom activities, including meal count sheets and attendance logs.Worked with individual students to provide personalized educational, behavioral and emotional support.Supported instructor with test administration, curriculum development and assignment grading for 40 students.Mills Community College – Mills Community College Used computers, audiovisual aids and other equipment to supplement presentations.Met and exceeded class-wide achievement and proficiency standards as established by state testing departments.Talked with students in need of extra attention and assisted with concerns, improving academic progress by 45%.Use tests, quizzes and other assignments to gauge students’ learning and determine understanding of course materials.Įast Hartford High School – East Hartford, CT.Diversify teaching techniques and learning tools to help 60 students with differing ability levels and varied learning modalities.Integrate technology into the classroom as an instructional tool, such as Smartboards.Caring and enthusiastic and eager to parlay teaching expertise into a new position. Shifts teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students’ needs. Knowledgeable educator with over 10 years of experience providing educational guidance and mentorship to all types of students. Download a personalized cover letter in minutes with our cover letter builder. ![]() ![]() Select the Edit button to bring up a smaller Axis Label windows.Īgain, click on the small spreadsheet icon. On the right side of Excel's Data Source window, you will see a table named Horizontal (Category) Axis Labels. Right-click on one of the blue bars in the Gantt chart, then click on Select Data again to bring up the Select Data Source window. Click OK again to update your Gantt chart which should now look something like this:ĥ. Add the descriptions of your tasks to the Gantt chart. Select OK and you should now be back in the Select Data Source window. To exit, click again on the small spreadsheet icon with the black arrow, which will return you to the previous window. Select your Duration data by clicking on the first duration in your project table, and drag your mouse down to the last duration so all durations are now highlighted. Staying in the Edit Series window, move down to Series value and click once more on the spreadsheet icon with a black arrow on it (called Edit Series Button). In the Edit Series window, click in the empty field under the title Series Name and then in your task table again, on the column header that reads Duration. Here is where you will add the duration data to your Gantt chart. Stay in the Select Data Source window and re-click the Add button to bring up Excel's Edit Series window. Your Gantt should now look like this:Ĥ. Add the durations of your tasks to the Gantt chart. , which will return you to the previous window called Edit Series. ![]() When finished, click on the arrow icon again Make sure you have not mistakenly highlighted the header or any extra cells. ![]() This highlights all of the start dates for your tasks and inputs them into your Gantt chart. Now simply click the first start date in your task table and drag your mouse down to the last start date. To the right of the Series values field you will see an icon with an arrow pointing up.Ĭlick on the icon and Excel will open a smaller Edit Series window. ![]() This is where you will enter your Task start dates. Staying in the Edit Series window, move down to Series value. Click and place your cursor in the empty field under the title Series name, then click on the column header that reads Start Date in your table. First, we need to name the data (Series) we will be entering. Click on the Add button to bring up Excel's Edit Series window where you will begin adding the task data to your Gantt chart. On the left side of Excel's Data Source window, you will see a table named Legend Entries (Series). Right-click the white chart space and click Select Data to bring up Excel's Select Data Source window. Then select Stacked Bar, which will insert a large blank white chart space onto your Excel worksheet (do not select 100% Stacked Bar).ģ. Add the start dates of your tasks to the Gantt chart. In the Charts section of the ribbon, drop down the Bar Chart selection menu. Within the same worksheet that your Excel table is on, click in any blank cell.įrom the Excel ribbon, select the INSERT tab. 2. Begin making your Excel Gantt by setting it up as a Stacked Bar Chart. In this tutorial, we will convert this table into an Excel Gantt chart and then into a PowerPoint Gantt chart. Make sure to include a brief description for each task, and then sort them in order, by placing the earliest start date first and the latest date last, as shown in the image below. In Excel 2013, 20, enter your data by listing the Start Date and Finish Date of each task, along with their duration (count of days required to complete that task). These will be called project tasks and they will form the basis of your Gantt chart. Daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and yearly views of the timeline.Download Excel Gantt chart template How to make a Gantt chart in Excel 1. List your project schedule in an Excel table.īreak down the entire project into chunks of work, or phases.Multiple shape template in Excel format that are editable.Support for 4 types of dependency relations: Finish to start, Start to start, Finish to finish, Start to finish.The WBS numbers are generated automatically – all you must do is to move a task up / down, or ‘Make parent’ and ‘Make child’. WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)-based task organization.3 types of dates and durations: estimated dates, actual dates, and baseline dates.It doesn't work with the web edition of Excel/Office that runs inside web browsers. ![]() The desktop edition of Excel/Office 2016 or later versions – i.e., the downloadable and locally installed Excel/Office.This app installs a feature to Excel that enables you to easily create Gantt chart from a task list in Excel. ![]() ![]() ![]() Instead of spending time and effort manually transcribing your video to create your Camtasia captions or foreign language subtitles, use Rev for only $1.25 per minute. Rev makes the whole captioning process even easier. With consumers and businesses growing steadily more reliant on video, captions and subtitles are a must-have content element that will increase view time and improve accessibility. Share > Local Drive > File format > MP4 > Export for Web Page > Caption Style > Under video captions Managing Camtasia Subtitles and CaptionsĬamtasia Studio has made it incredibly simple for users to incorporate subtitles and captions into every video project. Share > Custom Production > New Custom Production > MP4 > Next > Options tab > Captions > Caption type > Under video captions Mac users: To save your file with under video captions, use the following options. When you choose this type of Camtasia subtitle, you increase the vertical dimension of your video. This type of subtitle appears under the video, and the viewer can’t turn it off. Share > Local Drive > File format > MP4 > Caption Style > Burned in captions Under Video Captions ![]() Share > Custom Production > New Custom Production > MP4 > Next > Options tab > Captions > Caption type > Burned in captions Mac users: To save your file with burned-in captions, use the following options. Like the closed caption option, this type is also ADA compliant, searchable, and customizable. A viewer may not turn these captions off. OPTION 2: Share > Local Drive > File format > MP4 > Export for Web Page > Caption Style > Closed Captions Burned In Captions (Open Captions)Īs the name of this Camtasia caption type implies, the verbiage is “burned into” the video. OPTION 1: Share > Caption Style > Closed Captions Share > Custom Production > New Custom Production > MP4 > Next > Options tab > Captions > Caption type > Closed captions. To save your file with closed captions, use the following options. You will need to allow for playback in the Techsmith Smart Player to use this option. These types of Camtasia captions are ADA-compliant, allow for customization, and are searchable when you produce Camtasia project as an MP4 video. The viewer can turn closed captions on and off using the CC button on the video controller. You can create the following types of Camtasia subtitle and caption formats: Closed Captions Choose your preferred caption type in Camtasia Studio. ![]() SRT file into Camtasia for Mac when working on the project. SRT file with any edits before handing it off to a colleague who uses Camtasia for Mac. For example, if you’re a Windows user creating a video in Camtasia Studio, you must export your project’s. Unfortunately, Camtasia Studio project files don’t have cross-platform compatibility when it comes to captions. Export caption files when collaborating across platforms. If you find something that needs an edit, click on the caption and make necessary changes. Once you’ve placed your Camtasia subtitles into your project, start watching to ensure the accuracy of the subtitles. Voila! Your Camtasia captions are ready to watch. SRT file, go back to Camtasia Studio and import the file. Import your caption file into Camtasia StudioĪfter creating your. ![]() Also available for foreign language subtitles! Rather not use SRT files? Rev now offers burned-in captions (open captions). Just check the “burned-in captions” box at checkout and you’ll receive a video with permanent, hard-coded captions added straight to your videos. You can request a SubRip (.SRT) file that’s compatible with Camtasia. For example, you can upload your video file or provide a YouTube or Vimeo URL to Rev for subtitle creation and receive the completed caption file via email if you order here. Create a Camtasia caption or subtitle file.Īn easy way to create your Camtasia caption file is to export your video and submit it for captioning. So, let’s focus on the method that is both Mac and Windows-friendly in Camtasia Studio: Importing a caption file. The second option is to sync captions from a script file, but this approach to Camtasia captioning is a Windows-only feature. One option is to type in the captions manually. Adding Captions and Subtitles to Your Camtasia Studio ProjectĬamtasia offers three methods for adding captions and subtitles to your videos. ![]() ![]() ![]() So go to our website, select your mod of choice, and click on download. All of this is just the tip of the iceberg, what we offer on our website is countless hours of fun gameplay that will keep you invested for months. This few simple steps will lift your game to the upper level – what can be better that upgrading your game personally? Break all boundaries and develop your farm easily. It is the easiest way to get the best of the game, your opponents will be surprised! Then all you need to do is simply click on Empty Flat 8 Trade Map V 1.0 Mod free download button and implement it to your game. Few clicks and you will be able to use all extra features that were only imaginary before. These are my top 10 maps from the ModHub for Farming Simulator 22 for all platforms.Mods Mentioned:Frhling. It will be released in December I believe and is up for preorder for 400 on amazon. There are a total of 42 fields with field sizes of approx. There's going to be a new Hardware Setup by 'HORI' in cooperation with Giants Software. The landscape is purely fictional and set somewhere in Germany. Arrived in FS22, the name stands more for multi-productions. Multimap stood for multifruits and multiproductions. It’s a great way to get an important advantage against your opponents. The history of the multimap goes back to FS13. ![]() The field contracts also work Credits: FarmerB0B 4. ![]() Moreover, we suggest only free Farming Simulator 2022 Maps mods so that every player could try it. FarmerB0B's 16X Playable Empty Flat Startmap V1.0 FS22 mod FarmerB0B’s 16X Playable Empty Flat Startmap V1.0 Jin Maps A huge 16X Map, with 1 sellpoint, Bale sellpoint, Animal Dealer, Shop, Garage, Sawmill and 9 fields, a full working playable flat map. Every FS22 maps mod is unique and will fulfill particular needs. Each Farming Simulator Mod will provide you with particular options so go ahead and add it to your version. These mods help a player to get additional modifications and create a personal version of a game. Welcome to - one of the best places to get FS22 maps mods, Farming Simulator 22 maps. Downloading and adding Empty Flat 8 Trade Map V 1.0 Mod to your game is not difficult at all - you simply need to save a file and run it. FS22 Farming Simulator 22 Maps FS22 Flat Lands 4X FS22 Flat Lands 4X v 1.0 3002 downloads 182.89 MB files size 0 comments 0 videos by FarmFan 2 years ago. FS 15 Maps Mods are one of the greatest upgrades and can make your game unique. But with mods as long as there is a new update is assured, you are guaranteed a few more hours of new exciting gameplay. If unrealistic isn't exactly your thing, then utilize the realistic options included.Īll harvesters are highly customizable so you can truly make them your own.You have successfully joined our subscriber list.įinding a game interesting after investing 300 hours into it can become a bit challenging. Included in this pack are four harvesters and appropriate headers that will allow you to harvest your crop the way you see fit.ĭo you like to go fast? Then utilize the "fast farm editions" for unrealistic farming that will allow you to expand your farm faster. We recommend you to try FS22 Tractors, combines, or start a game with a new map mod which is the most popular FS22 mods. If this is you, then this pack is exactly what you need. Have you ever wanted to customize a harvester to match other equipment on your farm? Do you sometimes want to complete a harvest but don't exactly have the time to complete it? Lizard, the leading brand in virtual farming, has released their Colossus Harvester Pack for all virtual farmers to enjoy. Theres going to be a new Hardware Setup by 'HORI' in cooperation with Giants Software. Official GIANTS PartnerPartner Code(For Giants Store): MODESTGAMINGFarming Simulator 19 - codeMODES. ![]() ![]() ![]() Introduction: An overview of what you would like to accomplish the first three months on the job.Use the information you uncovered during your company research to customize your Plan for the company, and make sure that you address the three most important strategic initiatives you identified. The examples below are possible activities during each time period. It should be one to four pages in length, with as little or as much detail as you are comfortable sharing about what you will do during the first 90 days on the job for which you are applying.Places to conduct your research for your 30-60-90 Day Plan include: The corporate website, Google, Twitter, the company’s page on LinkedIn, and the profiles of people who work for the organization, LinkedIn groups where they hangout, and industry groups. Look for clues to alert you as to what issues are keeping managers up at night. Conduct thorough research to identify the top three strategic initiatives of the organization.The Plan has to be customized and targeted to a specific employer – a generic plan defeats the purpose of the exercise.Tips for Creating an Effective 30-60-90 Day Plan ![]() Your plan also reassures the hiring manager that you are a safe hire. It demonstrates to the hiring manager that you are driven, have a strong work ethic, are committed to success on the job and you also demonstrate that you possess the knowledge, skills and abilities to effectively perform in the role. When you prepare an effective 30-60-90 Day Plan for your employment interview, you answer all of the questions above. Do you understand what the job entails?.During an employment interview, a hiring manager is looking for responses to the following basic questions: It can be a PowerPoint presentation or paper-based. It’s one of the most powerful tools you can bring to the final stages of the employment interview process. So what’s a 30-60-90 Day Plan? A 30-60-90 Day Plan is a written outline of your strategy, and the plans you have for the first three months on the job. If you have taken the time to create a 30-60-90 Day Plan, when hired, you hit the ground running because you are prepared to do the job. The first 90 days on a new job often determines whether or not the employee gets the opportunity to remain with the organization. One way to do the unexpected in the final stages of the interview process, especially for a job seeker at the manager level and above, is to craft a 30-60-90 Day Plan. To perform exceptionally well in the interview process, job seekers have to do both the expected and unexpected. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The extant trio is the first of Sibelius’s compositions that can be dated with certainty. "They are rather poor, but it is nice to have something to do on rainy days," he wrote. He disclosed that he had composed one trio and was working on another. The first mention of a composition can be found in a letter Sibelius wrote from Kalalahti, 25th August 1883. In the autumn of 1882 Sibelius joined a string quartet whose repertoire included quartets by Haydn. At the beginning of the summer Sibelius wrote to his Uncle Pehr that he was playing Kayser's études and duets with Anna Tigerstedt, the daughter of Theodor Tigerstedt, the municipal Officer of Health. In 1882 there was a rapid increase in the musicians who took part. Janne composed for piano and violin at a fairly early age, and I had to accompany him from the notes he had written down, which was not easy," Linda Sibelius later recollected. "We played together Janne played the violin, Kitti the cello, mother the piano or the harmonium. Their mother played the harmonium with the children. ![]() In 1881 Sibelius and his siblings had formed a trio in which Linda played the piano, Christian the cello and Janne the violin. Grave - Rondo (Vivacissimo) Completed in 1884.īefore Sibelius enrolled at the Music Institute (autumn 1885), he included a piano in nearly all the chamber music works he wrote for at least three musicians. Andante molto - Allegro moderato, 2.Īdagio, 3. Menuettoįor two violins, cello and piano: 1. Completed in 1883.įor violin, cello and piano: 1. Chamber music for trios, quartets and quintetsĬhamber music with piano (composed in Hämeenlinna)įamily trio: Jean, Linda and Christian Sibeliusįor two violins and piano: 1. ![]() ![]() Water is relatively dense at ~1,000 kg/m 3 while metals generally have much higher densities e.g. Some of the least dense substances (at 0.987 atm and 0.00 ☌) are Hydrogen (0.0898 kg/m 3) and Helium (0.179 kg/m 3). This shows the need for average density calculations at varying temperatures. The density of air at sea level is approximately 1.293 kg/m 3 at 0☌, but 1.423 kg/m 3 at -25 ☌ and 1.146 kg/m 3 at 35 ☌. In this sense the density calculation in our tool is an average density.Īs an example of how water density changes with temperature, at 1 atm pressure water has an estimated density of 983.854 kg/m 3 at -30 ☌, 999.9720 kg/m 3 at 4 ☌ and only 958.4 kg/m 3 at 100 ☌ (boiling temperature at sea-level). A substance with uneven temperature will also have varying pressure and density. Increasing the temperature generally decreases the material density and increases its volume (increasing denominator in the formula). Increasing the pressure on a substance decreases its volume and increases its density. The density of a material or substance varies with its temperature and pressure, which is typically negligible for solids and liquids but is much greater for gases. For example, you would not need a separate volume converter.ĭensity of water and other gases & liquids Our calculator is especially useful if the input units for the calculation are different than the desired output units, in which case it will perform these unit conversions for you. Such calculations are necessary in construction projects when one asks questions such as "how much concrete do I need?", "how much sand do I need?", "how much gravel do I need?" and so on. ![]() v so the mass of the concrete will be 2400.How to find density? Calculation examplesĮxample 1: If 10 m 3 of water at 0 degrees Celsius and at 1 atm pressure weights 9998.395 kg, what is the density of water under these conditions? Using the density equation above we replace the values for m and v and get Density = 9988.395 kg / (10 m 3) = 999.8395 kg/m 3.Įxample 2: If the density of concrete is 2,400 kg/m 3 and we have 50 cubic meters of concrete, how much should it weigh, approximately? Since ρ = m / v then m = ρ These are obviously not supported by our tool. Empirical or geometrical estimation of the void fraction of the volume can be performed in order to arrive at the volume of the substance itself. One should further take into account that this formula is not applicable if the measured volume contains voids (air, vacuum, liquid, gas or solid other than the substance of interest) the calculation would instead result in "bulk density" and not volumetric mass density. If the object is of heterogeneous density a piece-wise approach may be preferred. Determining the density of a gas or liquid may require the use of specialized equipment like a hydrometer, a dasymeter or a Coriolis flow meter. The formula is valid for homogenous materials where the density of all points in the object equals its total mass divided by its total volume. ![]() Solving for mass or volume requires straightforward transformations which we used in constructing the density calculator above. The formula for density ( ρ - Greek lower-case letter rho) expressed in terms of the body's volume ( v) and its mass ( m) is the equation: When the output is mass or volume it is in both standard metric units and imperial ones, with the units automatically being adjusted depending on how big or small the resulting value is. Grams or kilograms per litre are also available. The output if calculating density is in grams per cm 3 or kg per m 3, as well as in oz/cu in, lb/cu ft and lb per cubic yard. When solving for mass you need to know volume and density while when solving for volume you need to know the substance's mass and density. The calculator can also be used to solve for any of the other values: mass and volume. Mass density is defined as the ratio of the substance's volume to its mass. ![]() number density: the particles per unit volume. It should be differentiated with other kinds of density e.g. The density calculator calculates the volumetric mass density of a substance: the mass concentrations of a pure substance. ![]() Density of water and other gases & liquids.How to find density? Calculation examples. ![]() ![]() ![]() It will liquify at -186 ℃, so argon gas is cheaper than helium to store. It is heavier than both nitrogen and helium, so will be the most effective inert gas at displacing air within a confined space. Argon is also used in combination with nitrogen in filament bulbs as it decreases burn out rate of the filament.Īrgon is the most popular noble gas used in glove boxes. Additionally, you can use solid argon to trap extremely air sensitive material within a solid matrix in order to study them. By filling a contained space with argon, air-sensitive compounds can be handled without reacting with the environment. Argon electron configurationĪrgon is most commonly used to process air sensitive materials. It is the 3 rd most abundant gas on earth and is much heavier than helium. ArgonĪrgon has an atomic number of 18 and has an outer shell containing eight electrons. For example, helium glove boxes are sometimes used to conduct studies involving lithium batteries. ![]() However, there are some materials which require this level of inertness - such as lithium. However, due to the low abundance of helium on earth and the high temperatures/high pressures needed to store liquid helium, it is an expensive choice - especially for high purity helium. The stability of helium makes it a good material to conduct air sensitive experiments in. Therefore, these superconductors can be used to create powerful magnets that can used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Submerging these materials in liquid helium basically eliminates all electrical resistance. One use of liquid helium is to cool certain materials enough so that they exhibit superconductivity. Helium liquifies at 4.18 K (or -268.97 ℃) so storage of liquid helium requires extremely low temperatures or high pressures. Upon being released into the air, it will quickly escape terrestrial atmosphere into space. Helium is a lot less dense than most of the elements in the earth's atmosphere. It is one of the most abundant gases in the universe, but only the 71 st most abundant element on earth, with most of it being found under the Earth's crust. This is a noble gas so it can be used to create an inert environment. Helium is the simplest noble gas, holding only two electrons in one electronic orbital. We have discussed helium and argon, as these are primarily used for their inert properties. Noble gases are therefore optimum choices to use for inert processing conditions. This means they will not take part in chemical reactions, and it takes a large energy input to create molecules using these atoms. These gases have full outer orbital layers, so they neither want to take electrons from or donate electrons to other atoms. These all exist as gases at standard temperature and pressure. The term noble gas refers to atoms that are in group 18 of the periodic table. Other atoms can form stable compounds by forming bonds with like atoms, such as nitrogen. Noble gas atoms have full outer electrons inherently. This means they have no free electrons or vacancies to interact with other molecules. Inert atoms or molecules have full outer orbitals. The reactivity of an atom depends on its electronic configuration. However, nitrogen gas (N 2) is also very unreactive so is also considered an inert gas in many fields. The term inert gas is often used interchangeably with the term "noble" gases (helium, argon, xenon) - which refers to atoms in Group 18 of the periodic table. ![]() |
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